Which of the following defines the term "circuit"?

The term "circuit" is defined as a closed path through which current flows. This definition captures the fundamental concept of an electrical circuit, where conductive materials are connected in a loop, allowing electric current to travel from a power source, through various components (like resistors, capacitors, and switches), and return to the source. This closed-loop system is essential for the functioning of electrical devices, as it enables the continuous flow of electricity necessary for operation.

Understanding this definition is key for anyone working with electrical systems, as it forms the basis for troubleshooting and designing circuits in residential and commercial settings. The other options refer to specific components or processes in electrical systems rather than the general concept of a circuit itself. For instance, a device that converts electrical energy into light is a description of a light bulb, while an electrical panel is a distribution system for managing circuits in a building. The process of measuring electrical consumption pertains to utilities and metering rather than the definition of a circuit.