What is the function of a transformer?

The function of a transformer is primarily to change the voltage of alternating current (AC). A transformer operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, which allows it to increase (step-up) or decrease (step-down) the voltage of an electrical signal while keeping the frequency constant. This is crucial in power distribution systems, where electricity needs to be transmitted over long distances at high voltages to minimize energy loss due to resistance in the wires. Once the electricity reaches its destination, transformers lower the voltage to safer, usable levels for residential, commercial, or industrial use.

While other devices perform tasks like converting AC to DC, storing electrical energy, or regulating current flow, these functions are not what a transformer is designed for. Therefore, the specific role of a transformer in electrical systems is to alter voltage levels efficiently.